If you’re thinking about buying an air purifier, you’ve probably asked yourself, “Are these things actually safe?” With so many types on the market—and some that sound like they belong in a science lab—it’s smart to be cautious.
In this post, we’re breaking down which air purifiers are safe, which ones to avoid, and the different ways they clean the air. We’ll also cover common indoor air pollutants and even some NASA-approved plants that help detox your space naturally.
✅ The Safest Types of Air Purifiers
1. Mechanical (HEPA) Air Purifiers
These are your classic, go-to air purifiers. They use HEPA filters to trap particles like dust, pollen, mold spores, and pet dander.
- Safe? 100%. No chemicals, no emissions—just clean, filtered air.
- Best for: Allergies, asthma, dust, and general air quality improvement.
2. Activated Carbon Filters
Activated carbon is like a sponge for smells and chemicals. It works by adsorbing gases and VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
- Safe? Yes. No harmful byproducts.
- Best for: Cooking smells, smoke, chemical fumes, pet odors.
3. Central Air Cleaners
These attach to your HVAC system and purify the air as it moves through your ducts. Most use HEPA or carbon filters.
- Safe? Absolutely.
- Best for: Whole-home air cleaning.
4. HRVs and ERVs (Ventilation-Based Purifiers)
Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) bring in fresh air and push out stale indoor air, while keeping your energy bills in check. See our video on Heat Recovery Ventilators for a better understanding of how they work.
- Safe? Definitely. No filters or chemicals—just better airflow.
- Best for: Airtight homes, reducing CO₂ buildup and improving fresh air circulation.
⚠️ Types to Avoid or Use with Caution
1. Ozone Generators
These devices release ozone gas to break down pollutants—but ozone itself is a pollutant and can irritate your lungs.
- Avoid them completely, especially if anyone in the home has asthma, allergies, or other respiratory issues.
2. Ionizers
Ionizers send out negative ions to make particles fall to surfaces or clump together.
- The issue? Many models produce ozone as a byproduct. Some are safer than others, but it’s best to be cautious.
- If you use one, check for CARB (California Air Resources Board) certification for low ozone output.
3. Electrostatic Precipitators
These use electric charges to capture particles on collector plates.
- Sounds good—but… They can also generate ozone.
- Verdict: Use with caution or opt for safer alternatives like HEPA filters.
🌱 Other Ways to Purify the Air
UV-C Light Purifiers
These purifiers use ultraviolet light to kill bacteria, viruses, and mold spores. See our video on the use of UV Lights for Sanitizing Spaces.
- Safe? Yes, as long as the UV light is contained within the device and not exposed.
- Common in: Hospitals, HVAC systems, and high-end purifiers.
Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)
A more complex method using UV light and a catalyst to break down gases.
- Concerns: Can sometimes release byproducts like formaldehyde or ozone.
- Use with caution, and look for tested and certified units.
🪴 NASA’s Top 10 Air-Purifying Plants
In NASA’s famous Clean Air Study, these houseplants were found to naturally remove indoor air toxins. Bonus: they look great! Check out this article on the Top 12 Ways to increase Indoor Air Quality for other ideas.
- Spider Plant
- Peace Lily
- Snake Plant
- English Ivy
- Aloe Vera
- Bamboo Palm
- Gerbera Daisy
- Chinese Evergreen
- Chrysanthemum
- Red-edged Dracaena
⚠️ Note: Some of these plants can be toxic to pets—do a quick check if you’ve got furry friends at home.
🏠 Common Indoor Air Pollutants
Here’s what might be floating around your home or office:
Particulates (tiny solids)
- Dust & dust mites
- Pollen
- Pet dander
- Smoke (tobacco, wildfire, cooking)
- Mold spores
- Bacteria & viruses
Gaseous pollutants
- VOCs (from paint, cleaners, furniture)
- Carbon monoxide
- Formaldehyde
- Nitrogen dioxide
- Ozone (from some purifiers or outdoor sources)
💡 Final Thoughts: So, Are Air Purifiers Safe?
Yes—but choose wisely.
Stick with HEPA filters, activated carbon filters, and ventilation-based systems for the safest, most effective purification. Avoid ozone generators, and be cautious with ionizers and electrostatic models unless they’re tested for low emissions.
Pair your purifier with good ventilation, regular cleaning, and a few leafy green friends—and you’ll be breathing easier in no time.
Got questions about air purifiers or improving your home’s air quality? Drop a comment below or share this post with someone who needs a breath of fresh air!
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, most air purifiers are safe, especially those that use HEPA filters and activated carbon filters. Avoid ozone generators and be cautious with ionizers or electrostatic units, as they may emit ozone which can irritate lungs—especially in children, pets, or people with asthma.
HEPA and activated carbon air purifiers are the safest options. They rely on mechanical filtration and do not produce ozone or other harmful byproducts. These are ideal for homes with kids, pets, or anyone sensitive to air quality.
Yes, ozone generators can be dangerous for home use. Ozone is a respiratory irritant and may worsen asthma or lung conditions. These types should be avoided unless specifically certified for industrial or commercial use.
Some air purifiers, especially those with HEPA filters and UV-C light, can reduce airborne viruses and bacteria. However, they work best in combination with good hygiene practices and proper ventilation.
Place your air purifier at least 3 feet off the ground—on a table or shelf—for optimal circulation. Keep it away from walls or corners and close to pollution sources like doors or windows for maximum efficiency.
Yes! NASA’s Clean Air Study showed that certain houseplants like snake plant, spider plant, and peace lily can absorb toxins. They’re not a substitute for air purifiers, but they enhance air quality and add natural humidity and aesthetic value.
Absolutely. HEPA filters can trap allergens like dust, pollen, mold spores, and pet dander, which can greatly improve symptoms for allergy and asthma sufferers.
