Tuesday, April 1, 2025
Home Blog Page 5

Energy Efficient Windows

By
MEP Academy Instructor
-
0
Ecoline Windows - Energy efficient Windows
Ecoline Windows - Energy efficient Windows

Maximizing HVAC Efficiency with Energy-Efficient Windows: A Guide for Modern Homes

Energy efficiency is no longer just a buzzword in North America; it’s a key vector for all modern buildings aiming for net zero and sustainability. HVAC systems are central to achieving indoor comfort, but they can only perform at their best when paired with a well-insulated building envelope.

One of the most overlooked elements in this equation is home windows. Did you know that up to 30% of your heating energy can be lost through inefficient windows? This forces HVAC systems to work overtime, leading to skyrocketing costs and unnecessary wear and tear.

Upgrading to energy-efficient windows isn’t just about aesthetics or noise reduction—it’s about creating a system that works in harmony with your HVAC setup. Let’s explore how this combination can maximize efficiency and savings.

How Are Windows and HVAC Efficiency Connected?

Windows and HVAC systems are like two sides of the same coin when it comes to energy efficiency. Poorly insulated windows allow uncontrolled heat exchange, which disrupts indoor temperature stability. This increases the workload on your HVAC system, causing it to use more energy to compensate.

Ecoline Energy Efficient Windows
Ecoline Energy Efficient Windows

For example, if your home still has single-pane windows, heat escapes rapidly, especially in winter, forcing the furnace to run longer. In contrast, sunlight and heat pour in during summer, driving up air conditioning usage. Studies show that energy-efficient windows can reduce HVAC energy consumption by up to 25%, thanks to features like Low-E coatings and triple-pane glass. 

The latter is especially beneficial for older homes built in the late 70s-80s due to the significantly decreased U-Value (the indicator showing how well the window insulates). 

For example, the U-value of single-pane windows often revolved around 1 to 1.2, which basically means no insulation. On the other hand, Energy Star-rated triple-pane windows come with 0.2 to 0.25 U-value, providing 55% more energy efficiency than standard double-pane windows and many times better results than single-glazed units.

When windows prevent heat loss or gain, your HVAC system operates optimally, ensuring long-term performance and savings.

Benefits of Energy-Efficient Windows for HVAC Systems

Investing in energy-efficient windows offers significant advantages for HVAC systems, leading to enhanced performance and cost savings:

  • Reduced Energy Consumption: Energy-efficient windows can decrease heating and cooling energy use by 25%–30% by minimizing heat gain and loss. 
  • Extended HVAC Lifespan: By lessening the workload on HVAC systems, these windows contribute to longer equipment life and reduced maintenance costs.
  • Consistent Indoor Comfort: High-performance windows help maintain stable indoor temperatures, eliminating drafts and cold spots for improved occupant comfort.
  • Lower Utility Bills: Homeowners can save an average of 12% on their energy bills, amounting to annual savings between $200 and $600, by installing energy-efficient windows. 

These benefits make energy-efficient windows a wise investment for optimizing HVAC system performance and achieving long-term energy savings.

Energy Efficient Windows
Energy Efficient Windows

What to Look For When Shopping for Energy-Efficient Windows

Choosing the right windows involves more than just picking a style; specific features make all the difference in optimizing HVAC efficiency. When shopping for energy-efficient windows, look for the following:

  • Where are ecoline windows manufactured: Buying the windows suited for your local weather conditions is best, and contractors who manufacture locally can better accommodate your needs, home and weather specifics. 
  • Low-E Coatings: A thin, invisible metallic layer that reflects heat back into the room during winter and blocks solar heat in summer. Low-E windows can reduce energy use by 30%-50%.
  • Triple-Pane Glass: Provides superior insulation by adding an extra layer of glass and increasing thermal resistance compared to double-pane windows.
  • Gas Fills (Argon or Krypton): Inert gases between the panes reduce heat transfer more effectively than air.
  • Insulated Frames: Materials like vinyl prevent heat transfer through the window frame, improving overall efficiency.
  • ENERGY STAR Certification: Always choose windows with the ENERGY STAR label to ensure they meet or exceed government energy-efficiency standards.

When to Upgrade Windows to Better Utilize the HVAC Systems

Timing is everything when it comes to upgrading windows alongside your HVAC system. Here are key moments when replacing windows becomes essential:

  • During an HVAC System Upgrade: Installing energy-efficient windows before or alongside a new HVAC system ensures optimal performance by minimizing energy waste.
  • High Energy Bills: If heating and cooling costs are soaring, inefficient windows might be the culprit. Upgrading can significantly lower your monthly expenses.
  • Noticeable Drafts or Hot/Cold Spots: These are clear signs that your windows aren’t insulating properly, forcing your HVAC system to work harder.
  • Aging Windows: Older single-pane or poorly insulated windows can’t compete with modern energy-efficient options.
  • Renovations or Retrofitting: When remodelling, energy-efficient windows are a smart addition to improving the building envelope.

Upgrading windows at the right time ensures your HVAC system operates efficiently, reduces energy costs, and enhances comfort.

Wrapping Up

Energy efficiency is a team effort, and energy-efficient windows and HVAC systems are key players in achieving it. Upgrading to energy-saving windows reduces the strain on your HVAC system, lowers energy bills, and creates a more comfortable indoor environment.

The benefits aren’t just theoretical—real case studies show up to 30% energy savings, with homeowners enjoying reduced HVAC usage and extended system lifespans. Whether you are planning an HVAC upgrade, renovating your home, or simply looking to cut energy costs, don’t overlook the impact of modern, well-insulated windows.

Pairing energy-efficient windows with a robust HVAC system ensures that your home is comfortable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. It’s a step toward a sustainable future and smarter energy use.

“This article was sponsored by Ecoline Windows. All opinions expressed are my own. Sponsored content helps support this blog and allows us to bring you valuable information.”

VRF System Cost Tracker

By
MEP Academy Instructor
-
0
VRF System Database
VRF System Database

Optimize Your VRF System Planning with Our Comprehensive Cost Tracking Spreadsheet. When designing or budgeting for Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems, accuracy and efficiency are critical. Whether you’re an engineer, contractor, or project manager, juggling costs, engineering metrics, and sales pricing can be a daunting task. That’s why we’ve created the ultimate Excel Spreadsheet designed specifically to streamline the process, providing you with an indispensable tool for estimating and tracking VRF system costs and engineering metrics for VRF Heat Pump and Heat Recovery systems.

If you prefer to watch the Video of this presentation, then scroll to the bottom.

What Does the Spreadsheet Offer?

Our VRF System Cost Tracking Spreadsheet is a powerful tool that provides an all-encompassing approach to analyzing and budgeting for your VRF projects. Here’s what it includes:

1. Comprehensive Cost Metrics

  • Cost per Ton: Know the total cost of your system based on the refrigeration capacity per system type. (VRF Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery)
  • Cost per Square Foot: Quickly estimate the cost for projects of varying sizes, tailored to your specific building area. Just enter the square feet of your proposed building and the historical average cost per FT2.
VRF System Cost and Engineering Metrics Tracking
VRF System Cost and Engineering Metrics Tracking

2. Engineering Metrics

  • Square Feet per Ton: Optimize your system design by ensuring proper capacity allocation based on building requirements. Track all your VRF system designs and quickly see the engineering metrics such as square feet per Ton.
  • Diversity in HVAC systems refers to the ratio of the outdoor unit’s capacity to the combined capacity of all connected indoor units. It accounts for the fact that not all indoor units operate at full capacity simultaneously, as cooling or heating demands vary across spaces. For example, a system with a diversity factor of 0.8 means the outdoor unit is sized for 80% of the total indoor unit capacity, assuming staggered or partial usage. This approach improves cost efficiency, reduces equipment size, and ensures energy savings without compromising performance.

3. Detailed Cost Breakdown

  • Piping Costs:
    • Calculate costs based on linear footage and total square footage.
  • Sheet Metal Costs:
    • Track ductwork expenses accurately to prevent budget overruns.
  • Other Related Costs:
    • Incorporate ancillary expenses such as labor, insulation, and controls.
VRF System Cost Tracking Metrics for HVAC Piping, Sheet Metal, Controls and more.
VRF System Cost Tracking Metrics for HVAC Piping, Sheet Metal, Controls and more.

Budgeting and Pricing Made Simple

The spreadsheet also includes two quick calculators designed to simplify the sales pricing process:

1. Cost per Square Foot Calculator

Input the square footage of a proposed building, and the spreadsheet instantly generates a sales price based on your pre-set cost per square foot. This feature is perfect for preliminary estimates during early project discussions.

VRF System Cost Calculator
VRF System Cost Calculator

2. Cost per Ton Calculator

Enter the required tonnage of refrigeration, and the spreadsheet provides a sales price based on your chosen cost per ton. Ideal for HVAC professionals who need fast, reliable pricing at a moment’s notice.

Why Choose Our Spreadsheet?

1. Save Time

Eliminate the need for manual calculations and consolidate all your VRF cost metrics in one easy-to-use file.

2. Improve Accuracy

Minimize errors with pre-built formulas that ensure consistency across all your project estimates.

3. Enhance Project Planning

Leverage detailed cost and engineering metrics to make informed decisions, avoid surprises, and keep projects on track.

4. Boost Sales Efficiency

The two quick calculators enable you to respond swiftly to client inquiries, providing accurate and professional estimates that can close deals faster.

Who Should Use This Spreadsheet?

This tool is ideal for:

  • HVAC Engineers: Optimize designs with precise square feet per ton calculations.
  • Contractors: Stay within budget and provide competitive pricing to clients.
  • Project Managers: Track costs and metrics to ensure successful project delivery.
  • Sales Teams: Generate accurate sales pricing quickly and confidently.

Get Started Today

Transform how you estimate and plan VRF systems with our comprehensive cost-tracking spreadsheet. Whether you’re budgeting for a new project or refining your pricing strategy, this tool will save you time, enhance accuracy, and give you the competitive edge you need to succeed.

[Download the Spreadsheet Now and Start Optimizing Your VRF Projects!]

Get a Copy Now
VRF System Cost and Engineering Metrics Spreadsheet

LEED Certification Explained

By
MEP Academy Instructor
-
0
LEED Certified Building
LEED Certified Building

In today’s world, sustainability is no longer just a buzzword—it’s a critical component of how we design, build, and operate buildings. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) has emerged as the global standard for green building certification, driving efforts to reduce environmental impact, enhance energy efficiency, and create healthier spaces for people.

Whether you’re seeking to certify a building or looking to establish yourself as a sustainability expert by earning a LEED credential, understanding the benefits and pathways is essential. This article explores what it takes to achieve LEED certification for buildings and individuals, diving into the levels of certification, rating systems, and professional credentials that empower you to lead the charge toward a greener future.

If you prefer to watch the video of this presentation, then scroll to the bottom.

LEED certification requires meeting certain standards and benchmarks that reduce the environmental impact of a building. Here’s how the process typically works:

LEED Certification Requirements for Buildings

1. Registration:

A project must first be registered with the Green Business Certification Inc. (GBCI) to start its LEED journey.

2. Select Rating System:

LEED has different rating systems based on the building’s function (e.g., healthcare, schools, homes). Selecting the appropriate rating system aligns the project’s goals with LEED’s performance expectations.

3. Meet Prerequisites and Earn Points:

Each LEED category has prerequisites that must be met. Beyond that, projects earn points in various credit categories, contributing toward the final certification score.

4. Submit for Review:

Upon completion, a project submits its documentation to GBCI, which reviews and determines the certification level.

LEED Certification Point Scale

LEED certification is awarded based on a points system, with each level signifying a higher standard of sustainability:

  • Certified: 40–49 points
  • Silver: 50–59 points
  • Gold: 60–79 points
  • Platinum: 80+ points

Each level represents an incremental achievement in sustainability practices, with Platinum being the pinnacle of resource efficiency and sustainability.

LEED Gold Certified Building Plaque posted at Building Entrance
LEED Gold Certified Building Plaque posted at Building Entrance

LEED Certification Types

LEED certification is versatile and applies to various building types. Each building type follows specific rating systems designed to measure unique environmental challenges. Here are the major LEED rating systems:

Building Design and Construction (BD+C):

For newly constructed or renovated buildings, covering commercial buildings, schools, retail, healthcare, data centers, hospitality, and warehouses.

Interior Design and Construction (ID+C):

Focuses on the interior fit-out of buildings, often used for retail and commercial interiors.

Building Operations and Maintenance (O+M):

Targets existing buildings, aiming to enhance operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact without major construction changes.

Neighborhood Development (ND):

Designed for residential and mixed-use communities, emphasizing walkability, connectivity, and green infrastructure.

Homes:

Intended for single-family or multifamily residential buildings, focusing on resource efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and energy savings.

Cities:

LEED for Cities provides a framework for entire cities or specific urban districts to measure and manage key sustainability metrics. These projects focus on tracking and improving water consumption, energy use, waste management, transportation systems, and the overall human experience within the urban environment.

LEED Points System

Each rating system is organized into specific categories, with points awarded based on performance across these aspects. LEED focuses on the following main categories:

Sustainable Sites (SS): Recognizes buildings that minimize their impact on ecosystems and water resources.

Water Efficiency (WE): Aims to reduce indoor, outdoor, and process water use through efficient fixtures, landscaping, and conservation.

Energy and Atmosphere (EA): Encourages optimization of energy performance, with a focus on energy use reduction, renewable energy, and ongoing monitoring.

Materials and Resources (MR): Promotes responsible material sourcing, recycling, and reducing waste generated by building occupants.

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ): Focuses on air quality, lighting, acoustic comfort, and the use of low-emitting materials to enhance occupant well-being.

Innovation (IN): Recognizes creative, sustainable design and operations practices that go beyond standard requirements.

Regional Priority (RP): Awards extra points for addressing local environmental issues, such as conserving regional water supplies or air quality.

LEED-certified buildings not only reduce operational costs but also attract environmentally conscious tenants, demonstrate commitment to sustainability, and support employee health and productivity. Moreover, many jurisdictions offer tax incentives, grants, or zoning benefits to promote sustainable construction practices.

LEED Professionals

Earning a LEED professional credential by passing the certification exam offers numerous advantages for individuals in the construction, design, and sustainability fields:

Enhanced Career Opportunities: LEED accreditation is recognized globally, making you a valuable asset to employers seeking expertise in green building practices.

Achieving Sustainability through LEED Certification and Industry Recognition: LEED credentials demonstrate your knowledge of sustainable building principles and your commitment to environmental stewardship.

Increased Marketability: As sustainable practices become a priority, having LEED credentials positions you as a leader in the field and differentiates you in a competitive job market.

Professional Growth: Learning about LEED systems and sustainability principles helps you stay current with the latest trends, technologies, and regulatory requirements in the industry.

Networking and Community: Becoming certified connects you with a network of sustainability professionals, offering collaboration and growth opportunities.

Contributing to a Better Future: By supporting green building practices, you play a key role in reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry.

LEED Professional Credentials

LEED offers several professional credentials that align with different aspects of sustainability and building design. These certifications are categorized as follows:

LEED Green Associate

Description: The entry-level credential, designed for professionals who want to demonstrate their foundational knowledge of green building concepts.

Focus: Core concepts of LEED, sustainability practices, and environmental impact reduction.

Who It’s For: Anyone new to LEED, including students, professionals from related industries, or individuals interested in sustainability.

LEED Green Associate Exam Preparation Guide

LEED Accredited Professional (LEED AP)

Description: An advanced credential that demonstrates expertise in specific LEED rating systems.

Focus: Specialized knowledge in one or more LEED categories.

Specializations Available:

  1. Building Design and Construction (BD+C): For professionals involved in new construction or major renovations.
  2. Interior Design and Construction (ID+C): Focused on interior spaces and fit-outs.
  3. Operations and Maintenance (O+M): Targets professionals managing the efficiency of existing buildings.
  4. Neighborhood Development (ND): For planning and developing sustainable communities.
  5. Homes: Concentrates on single-family and multifamily residential projects.

Who It’s For: Professionals like architects, engineers, contractors, or consultants looking to specialize in a particular LEED system.

LEED AP Study Guide

LEED Fellow

Description: The highest distinction offered by LEED, recognizing exceptional achievements and leadership in the green building field.

Eligibility: Reserved for seasoned professionals with at least 10 years of experience and significant contributions to the green building industry.

Who It’s For: Established leaders, educators, and innovators in sustainability.

In addition to broad certifications, individuals can pursue additional specialty designations or continuing education credits in areas like:

Net-zero energy and water design.

Resilience and adaptation strategies.

Renewable energy integration.

After certification, individuals are required to maintain their credentials through ongoing education. This ensures they stay updated with evolving sustainability standards and technologies.

Summary

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the world’s leading certification system for sustainable building practices, providing a framework for designing, constructing, and maintaining environmentally responsible spaces. For buildings, LEED certification promotes resource efficiency, energy savings, and healthier environments, with certification levels ranging from Certified to Platinum. The system applies to various building types and uses rating systems tailored to new constructions, interiors, existing buildings, neighborhoods, and homes.

For individuals, LEED credentials such as Green Associate and LEED AP demonstrate expertise in green building principles, offering enhanced career opportunities and industry recognition. Together, LEED-certified buildings and professionals drive the shift toward a more sustainable and resilient built environment, helping to mitigate environmental impact while fostering innovation and community well-being.

LEED Certification Requirements for Buildings and Individuals

Supply Air Temperature Reset

By
MEP Academy Instructor
-
0
Supply air temperature reset controls strategy
Supply air temperature reset controls strategy

Modern HVAC systems aim to balance energy efficiency, indoor comfort, and operational simplicity. One of the most effective energy-saving techniques in HVAC systems with Direct Digital Control (DDC) is the Supply Air Temperature Reset Strategy. This strategy optimizes the operation of air handlers serving Variable Air Volume (VAV) terminal boxes by adjusting the supply air temperature dynamically based on demand. 

If you prefer to watch the video of this presentation, then scroll to the bottom.

What is a Supply Air Temperature Reset Strategy?

In an air handler serving VAV terminal boxes, the SAT reset strategy dynamically adjusts the temperature of the air supplied to the duct system during part-load conditions. Instead of maintaining a fixed SAT 55°F  (12.7°C), the system modulates this temperature based on real-time building conditions, such as outside air temperature and damper positions. The 55°F  (12.7°C) is required to meet the peak load, but the building operates more often at less than peak demand during milder weather. 

Supply Air Temperature Reset using Outside Air Temperature

The supply air temperature reset will require that there is a DDC controller mounted on or near the Air Handler that will have various input and output devices connected to it. The AHU Controller will use an outdoor temperature sensor to provide an analog input of the ambient outdoor temperature. The AHU controller will also receive an input signal from a discharge air temperature sensor indicating the current supply air temperature.

HVAC Controls using Supply Air Temperature Reset based on Outside Air Temperature
HVAC Controls using Supply Air Temperature Reset based on Outside Air Temperature

When outdoor air temperatures are mild or cooler, indicating lower cooling demand, the DDC system incrementally raises the SAT set point to reduce the cooling load on the air handling unit which saves energy. 

For example, as the outdoor air temperature drops below a pre-defined threshold, such as 70°F (21°C), the SAT is gradually reset upward from its baseline value such as 55°F  (12.7°C), toward a higher limit such as 65°F (18.3°C), typically in 1 to 2°F  increments. This reset process continues as outdoor temperatures decrease, ensuring energy savings by reducing the load on the chiller’s compressors. Several things can happen when the supply air temperature is increased that needs to be monitored such as the maximum static pressure available, the ability for dehumidification and increased airflow. We’ll cover all three of these.

SAT Reset Chart Supply Air Temp and Outdoor Temperature
SAT Reset Chart Supply Air Temp and Outdoor Temperature

What happens to the System with higher Supply Air Temperatures?

You could set the supply air reset temperature higher, such as 65 to 70°F  (18.3 to 21°C), but setting the supply air temperature at an upper limit can introduce several drawbacks and concerns, including:

Reduced Dehumidification

The higher SAT may not cool the air enough to reach the dew point, leading to inadequate moisture removal and higher indoor humidity levels, especially in humid climates. To prevent the Supply Air Temperature reset strategy from compromising dehumidification and ensuring the required relative humidity levels are maintained, several control strategies and hardware devices are typically employed:

A humidistat (or humidity sensor) can be integrated into the control strategy. If the indoor RH exceeds a set threshold (typically around 60%), the system can override the SAT reset and maintain a lower SAT, ensuring that sufficient dehumidification occurs to maintain comfort and meet code requirements.

Outdoor air humidity sensor can help the system determine whether outside air is suitable for cooling and dehumidification. In humid climates, the system may rely on outdoor enthalpy rather than just temperature to control SAT and ensure effective dehumidification.

When a higher SAT is implemented, the system continuously monitors the outdoor or indoor humidity levels via sensors and humidistats, or both. If the RH exceeds the preset limit, the system either halts the SAT reset strategy or adjusts the SAT to a lower value to maintain effective dehumidification.

Increased Airflow Requirements

To maintain the same sensible cooling capacity, airflow (CFM) must increase as Delta T (temperature difference between supply and room air) decreases, potentially overloading fans and ductwork. Higher airflow requirements to meet cooling loads can lead to increased fan energy consumption, offsetting the intended efficiency gains of SAT reset.

What Happens to the CFM Delivered to the Space?

When the supply air temperature is reset higher due to a lower outdoor air temperature, the air delivered to the zones becomes warmer. Using the sensible heat load equation, (Q = CFM x 1.1 x Delta-T), a higher SAT reduces (Delta T) (the difference between room temperature and supply air temperature). To maintain the same sensible heat removal capacity (Q), the airflow (CFM) must increase to compensate for the reduced (Delta T). This ensures the HVAC system continues to meet the cooling load in the space, despite the warmer supply air.

What Happens to the Static Pressure?

The static pressure limits in an HVAC system directly influence the maximum supply air temperature reset by determining the system’s ability to deliver sufficient airflow (CFM) to offset reduced cooling capacity from higher SATs.

Effect on the Economizer

A higher supply air temperature setpoint increases economizer use because it allows the HVAC system to utilize outdoor air for cooling over a broader range of outdoor temperatures. With a higher SAT, the air handler does not need to cool the air as much, so outdoor air at moderately warm temperatures can still meet the cooling requirements without activating mechanical cooling. This expands the economizer’s operating range, maximizing free cooling and reducing energy consumption.

Supply Air Temperature Reset using Trim and Response

The supply air temperature reset sequence using trim and response logic based on VAV box damper positions begins with the Direct Digital Control (DDC) system continuously monitoring the damper positions of all VAV terminal boxes served by the air handling unit. If the majority of the dampers are less than a specified open percentage, such as 60%, indicating reduced cooling demand, the system gradually raises the SAT set point in small increments, typically 1 to 2°F, to save energy by reducing the cooling load. 

HVAC Controls Supply Air Temperature Reset using Trim and Respond
HVAC Controls Supply Air Temperature Reset using Trim and Respond

Conversely, if a significant percentage of dampers, such as 20% or more, are nearly fully open such as above 90%, indicating higher cooling demand, the SAT set point is lowered incrementally to provide sufficient cooling to meet the zone requirements. The system uses real-time feedback from the damper positions to continuously adjust the SAT dynamically within predefined minimum and maximum limits, typically between 55°F  and 65°F. This approach ensures that the SAT is optimized to balance energy efficiency with occupant comfort, responding dynamically to varying cooling demands across the served spaces.

Consider a commercial office building with an air handler serving 10 VAV terminal boxes. During peak summer afternoons, all VAV dampers are close to fully open, indicating high cooling demand. The DDC system maintains the SAT at 55°F (12.7°C) to meet this load.

In the early evening, as occupancy decreases, none of the dampers remain fully open. The DDC system resets the SAT to 65°F (18.3°C). This

Reduces chiller and fan energy consumption.

Maintains comfort as the zones with reduced occupancy now require less cooling.

Conclusion

A Supply Air Temperature Reset Strategy is a powerful tool for improving the energy efficiency of HVAC systems while maintaining comfort in buildings. By leveraging modern DDC systems, building operators can implement this strategy to reduce energy costs, enhance equipment longevity, and contribute to sustainable building operations.

Adopting this strategy is not just an upgrade, it’s a commitment to smarter, more efficient, and environmentally conscious building management.

HVAC Controls Supply Air Temperature Reset Strategy
1...456...55Page 5 of 55
MEP Books

EDITOR PICKS

ESTIMATING

POPULAR CATEGORY

ABOUT US

The MEP Academy provides articles, training and information for the HVAC, Electrical and Plumbing Industry. Engineers and contractors in the commercial construction industry will find useful information to help them do their jobs.

Contact us: [email protected]

FOLLOW US

Subscribe - Newsletter

Copyright © MEP Academy LLC 2020-2025