Refrigeration Technicians Best Tools

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September 4, 2023

In this article we’ll answer a question that we get all the time. What filter, if any, can filter out the SARS-CoV-2 virus which leads to COVID-19, the disease? We’ll show you how efficient the different air filters are at filtering out various items for asthma and allergy sufferers, and the virus that leads to COVID-19.

If you prefer to watch the Video of this presentation, then scroll to the bottom or click on the following link. Air Filters vs COVID-19

The ability of an air filter to remove microorganism, dust, pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, bacteria and viruses is indicated by a numerical value. This number, which is indicated as a MERV rating, states the filter’s efficiency at removing various sizes of these items. We’ll show you which filters, if any, work the best to protect you from these potentially harmful organisms.

Table of Contents

MERV Rating

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values, or MERVs, indicate the filter’s ability to capture larger particles, those 0.3 microns and larger. The higher the numerical rating, the greater the air filter is at removing particles from the air stream. A MERV-13 is better than a MERV-11 filter at removing particles, but how good are they against bacteria and a very small virus that leads to COVID-19.

Virus and Bacteria Removal

According to ASHRAE, research has shown that the particle size of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that leads to COVID-19 is around 0.1 microns. This is much smaller than what may be picked up by these air filters. As this chart shows, the virus lives in the invisible region, while others like dust, cat dander and human hair are visible to the human eye.

Sizes of various items shown in Microns. Invisible items in black area on chart, including the SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

Luckily, the SARS-CoV-2 virus doesn’t travel through the air own its own. It rides on respiratory droplets and droplet nuclei (dried respiratory droplets) that are predominately 1 micron in size and larger. These filters have various efficiencies at capturing the viruses that are in the 1-to-3-micron range according to ASHRAE.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus riding a respiratory droplet in the 1 to 3 micron range

ASHRAE

As the chart shows, ASHRAE recommends using a minimum of a MERV 13 filter, which is at least 85% efficient at capturing particles in the 1 to 3-micron size range. A MERV 14 filter is at least 90% efficient at capturing those same particles. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are even more efficient at filtering human-generated infectious aerosols.

MERV Rating and Air Filter Efficiency for Particle sizes 1 to 3 microns in size

By definition, a HEPA air filter must be at least 99.97% efficient at capturing particles 0.3 micron in size. This 0.3-micron particle approximates the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) through the filter. HEPA filters are even more efficient at capturing particles larger AND smaller than the MPPS. Thus, HEPA air filters are more than 99.97% efficient at capturing airborne viral particles associated with SARS-CoV-2 which leads to COVID-19.

Checkout these HEPA Filters for your Home or Office

HEPA filters can capture and trap microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, helping to reduce the risk of respiratory infections. So, if possible, use the highest MERV rated air filter with your system, or get a portable HEPA air filter for your room or office. HEPA filters are the most efficient at capturing small microorganisms like the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Where are HEPA Filters used?

HEPA air filters are used in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities. In homes there are portable types that can be moved from room to room, and others that can be installed in a central air conditioning system serving the whole house.

HEPA air filters are also used along with ULPA filters in cleanrooms, labs, and other spaces requiring a very clean environment.

Asthma and Allergy Management

For individuals with asthma, HEPA filters help reduce asthma triggers like airborne irritants and respiratory allergens. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA), nearly 26 million people have asthma in the United States. There are 4.8 million children under the age of 18, and nearly 21 million adults suffering from asthma. On average, 10 people in the unites States die every day from asthma. A total of 3,517 deaths in 2021.

According to the AAFA over 100 million people each year in the United States experience various types of allergies. Allergies are the sixth leading cause of chronic illness in the U.S. HEPA filters are highly effective at removing allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander, providing relief to allergy sufferers.

Editorial Process:

Some of the links in this article may be affiliate links, which can provide compensation to the MEPAcademy at no cost to you if you decide to purchase. Our reviews and articles are made by an industry professional experienced in the engineering and construction of commercial buildings.

Air Filters vs COVID-19

HVAC Equipment Cost Database

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May 10, 2021

Are you paying too much for your HVAC equipment? How do you know if the quote you received for your equipment is a fair price? Do you have a method of comparing what you have paid for various HVAC equipment with what is being quoted currently?

Keeping track of the cost of HVAC Equipment allows you to quickly provide budgets and check the cost of equipment before you purchase. This database allows you to easily keep track of the most common HVAC equipment.

HVAC Equipment Cost Database

Using an HVAC Equipment cost database will save you a lot of money by avoiding the costly mistake of paying too much for equipment.

Air Conditioners price per ton and price per square feet historical equipment pricing database — Air Conditioners in Historical Pricing HVAC Equipment Database

Get your copy here. HVAC Equipment Cos t Database

The HVAC Equipment Cost database keeps track of all your equipment quotes or purchases for easy reference and parametric checks, such as cost per ton ($/Ton), cost per CFM ($/CFM)

HVAC Piping Unit Pricing

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August 31, 2020

For an HVAC Piping Estimators the need for quick budgets for the installation of piping is best handled with a spreadsheet of different material types and sizes. Having an estimating software program can make this process a lot easier, as the material pricing is always up to date and can be entered into the spreadsheet quickly. You can get a copy of this spreadsheet to help you price piping fast and efficiently.

Table of Contents

HVAC PIPING UNIT PRICING

Often the requirements of the RFP or bidding instructions will call for the price per foot to install piping beyond that which is required by the contract drawings. Such pricing maybe used for change-orders. Having these numbers available and updated often also gives you a quick reference for budgeting projects. It’s good to know when doing job site comparisons of different piping options or during discussions with engineering, what the cost is for the various piping sizes and types of materials.

COST PER FOOT

The cost per foot for the installation of piping needs to include fittings and hangers prorated into the value. It’s best to look at a standard length of pipe and then figure that you will have a Tee and 90 degree elbow in that length.

So for example, using twenty feet of copper water pipe with a Tee and 90 degree elbow plus the hangers to build a unit price would represent a field condition of a fitting every ten feet.

For higher density projects like Hospitals you could put more fittings in your unit pricing. Total those cost up and then divide by 20 to derive at a cost per foot for that particular size and material type.

20 feet of pipe + 2 Fittings + 3 Hangers / 20 = Cost per Foot

If the piping is insulated, you can also put the values in for insulation.

The Estimating Wizard provides two spreadsheets for tracking unit pricing, one for HVAC Piping and the other for Plumbing piping. Get a copy and start tracking your cost per foot, or be prepared to give a quick budget based on your knowledge from your spreadsheet of unit prices. Watch the video below to see how quick and easy it is to track the cost per foot for various sizes and material types.

MEP Academy HVAC Piping Unit Pricing Spreadsheet

The MEP Academy provides a spreadsheet that makes calculating unit pricing simple. The spreadsheet is available by following this link, HVAC Piping Unit Pricing Spreadsheet

HVAC Piping Unit Pricing Calculator Example

In the screenshot above there is a place for you to build your hanger requirements (#1), and a place to put your tax rate and hourly labor rate (#2).

For each size of pipe and material type you would insert the unit cost for Material (#3) and Labor (#4).

Under item (#5) you would build your typical run of pipe and enter the quantity of fittings you might expect for the type of building and system. You would add whatever you think will be required for every so many feet of pipe. In the example above we are showing that for every 20 feet of pipe you will have 1 Elbow and 1 Reducing Tee.

Under item (#6) you would add the cost per lineal foot for insulation if required. You could also look at insulation as a separate value and leave the pipe bare.

Line item (#7) is where you indicate the hanger spacing, and for each hanger you defined under item (#1) you will get the quantity as defined by the linear feet in item (#5) divided by your hanger spacing, which will affect your cost.

Line item (#8) is the calculated cost per linear foot of piping for that size and material type of pipe.

Summary Sheet

After you have all your unit pricing information inputted into the spreadsheet, all you have to do to get a budget for installing piping is to enter the quantity of piping (#9) for each size and material type (#10). The system will automatically calculate the cost (#11) to install that run of piping based on your unit pricing data. The total cost will be shown at the top of the spreadsheet (#12).

Piping Unit Pricing Calculator Summary Page

You can get your copy here. HVAC Piping Unit Pricing Spreadsheet

AC Condensate Drain Sizing and Layout

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August 17, 2020

The proper sizing and layout of condensate drain lines is important for the protection of property and for the proper functioning of the air conditioning equipment.

If you prefer to watch our YouTube version of this presentation, scroll to the bottom.

Table of Contents

Condensate Drain Pipe Sizing

The size required for the condensate pipe is dictated by the local code. Enclosed you will find the requirements for many local codes, but be sure to check your code for your local requirements. If the outlet size of the equipment’s condensate drain is larger than what’s shown in this chart then your required to use the larger outlet size.

Slope to be at least 1/8” per foot or 1 percent, that is for every 12” horizontally there must be at least an 1/8” drop vertically.

Condensate drain piping to slope a minimum of 1/8" per every 12" horizontal — Condensate drain piping to slope a minimum of 1/8″ per every 12″ horizontal

Attics or Furred Spaces

If the Air Conditioner is suspended above an inaccessible ceiling, such as a gypsum board ceiling or attic space then you will need to provide a means for protecting the building elements from the overflow of the primary drain and for indicating that there is a leak.

Also, drain pans that are poorly drained can cause water to stay in the pan risking the possibility of algae and bacteria growth. Below are some possible solutions, but as always check your local code for the approved method.

Option 1 – Secondary drain pan with drain piping. This would hang below the Air Conditioning unit in case the A/C units primary pan overflowed. Also, there is a requirement to provide secondary drain piping to a point of termination that would provide notification to the occupants that there is a leak, such as terminating above a window or doorway.

Option 1 - Secondary drain pan with piping terminating in observable location — Option 1 – Secondary drain pan with piping terminating in observable location

Option 2 – An additional drain pipe connection that sits above the primary drain connection and whereby the secondary drain piping terminates in a location to alert the occupants of the clogged primary drain.

Option 2 - Secondary drain piping connection to primary drain pan — Option 2 – Secondary drain piping connection to primary drain pan

Option 3 – Leak detection device that automatically shuts down the Air Conditioner if the primary drain becomes clogged.

Option 3 - Primary drain with leak detection device — Option 3 – Primary drain with leak detection device

Option 4 – Secondary drain pan with leak detection, located beneath the coil that shuts down the unit upon a leak.

Option 4 - Secondary drain pan with leak detection — Option 4 – Secondary drain pan with leak detection

The additional drain pan or drain pan connection shall be provided with a drain pipe that will determinate in an observable area, such as in front a window or above a doorway, and be of a size not less than 3/4”. Secondary drain pan shall not be less than 1-1/2” in height and extend 3” wider on each side of the coil or AC unit.

Secondary drain piping terminating above window. Pipe doesn't have to be visible as shown. — Secondary drain piping terminating above window. Pipe doesn’t have to be visible as shown.

Drain Termination

Where can and can’t you terminate the air conditioners condensate drain piping? There are several options where you can terminate the condensate drain line;

Indirect Drain
Condensate Pump to Indirect Drain
Drywell
Leach pits
Landscaped areas that are properly designed to handle the volume of condensate
To Properly designed stormwater treatment systems.

Indirect Drain

Lavatory tailpiece in the same tenant space as the air conditioner
Laundry standpipe
Janitors Sink
Inlet of Bathtub Overflow – Must be accessible
Collect and send to cooling tower (See description below)

Cooling Coil condensate to sink tailpiece.

The connection to a plumbing fixtures tailpiece has to be made within the same tenant space as the air conditioner cooling coil that is generating the condensate.

Drywell

A drywell can be used for the termination of your air conditioners condensate drain. Check your local code for the specifics, but generally it includes some or all of the following depending on whether it’s for residential or a commercial project:

A minimum size hole, such as 2 foot by 2 foot by 3 feet deep, or a round hole such as 12” diameter by 3 feet deep.
A minimum of 6” of soil or concrete shall provide cover above the rocks
Some form of barrier between the soil and the top of the drywell where the rock begins, such as building paper or plastic
Drywell to be filled with gravel or crushed rock, often with a stated minimum size rock such as 1 inch diameter
The termination of the condensate drain pipe shall connect indirectly to the drywell drain pipe.
The drywell drain pipe to be a minimum of 1-1/2” PVC or other approved material.
Drywell to be at least three feet away from the building structure or any footings.

Drywall for Air Conditioner Cooling Coil Condensate

There are various methods of providing drywells depending on the local code. There are prefabricated drywells that can be used and ones that are made by using a large diameter piece of PVC pipe or similar material.

Some codes will require you to collect the condensate from cooling coil drain pans and return it to the cooling tower if the equipment is served by a cooling tower and the total combined capacity of the HVAC cooling coils exceeds a certain amount like 65,000 btu/hr.

This is a water conservation measure, and there are some exceptions to this requirement, such as if the total capacity of the AC Equipment cooling coils are less than 10% of the total capacity of the cooling tower, or if the location of those AC Cooling coils are in a remote location, far from the tower.

Some locations where you can’t terminate condensate;

Public ways
Sidewalks
Driveways
Alleys

No termination of condensate on public area ways

Excluded from Code Requirements

Excluded from these codes are non-condensing type of equipment like radiant cooling panels that are designed to prevent condensate from occurring by keeping the temperature of the chilled water above the dew point temperature/vapor pressure of the surrounding air. These are system designed to operate in sensible cooling only modes.

Piping Material

The material types that can be used for condensate drain piping varies by jurisdiction but the most commonly cited materials are:

Copper
PVC – DWV
CPVC
ABS – DWV
Polyethylene
Galvanized steel
Cast iron.

Also the use of short radius 90-degree elbows are often prohibited. You can normally use standard fittings until you reach a certain size at which point you might be required to use drainage pattern fittings (DWV)

Traps

Traps are to be installed as required per the manufactures recommendation. No traps are required on the secondary drain pan, this is to allow immediate notification that the primary drain has failed.

Cleanouts

Cleanouts are required in case of plugged drain pipes. Provide as required to prevent the need to cut drain pipes for unplugging. Some of the following maybe used for cleanouts if approved by your local code authority;

Plugged tees
Union connections
Short clamped hoses at the unit (see image above)

When you have more than one air conditioning unit condensate tied to a main condensate pipe, then every change of direction shall have some method of cleanout. Check your local code as this maybe a requirement for even a single air conditioners condensate piping.

Condensate Pumps

Condensate pumps can be used to elevate the condensate vertically to a point where it will then discharge into a code approved gravity sloping condensate drain line. The condensate pump should be interlocked with the Air Conditioning Unit to prevent its operations if the condensate pump is inoperable.

Checkout these Condensate Pumps

Please remember that code requirements are always changing, so check for the most current code in your area at the time of design and installation. Or ask an inspector for the current installation practice.

Refrigerant Line Sets

Video of this Article

MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet

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July 14, 2020

Sheet Metal, Piping & Plumbing Estimating Spreadsheet

Having an MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet that automates portions of your estimates, will save you valuable time that could be used to make more sales. All aspects of the cost of furnishing and installing an HVAC and/or a Plumbing system is contained in one spreadsheet made specifically for the MEP industry. For plumbing only see below.

For a Plumbing only Spreadsheet, use this Commercial & Residential Version. Plumbing Only. For a simple Residential HVAC & Plumbing Spreadsheet. Residential version.

Table of Contents

Dashboard

The Main Dashboard provides you with all the information you need to make a quick decision on whether to make further adjustments, or if one of the metrics looks out of place based on historical data. The Dashboard gives you a quick overview of all that is going on within the Estimating Spreadsheet.

Estimating Dashboard within the MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet

Your MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet needs to be able to handle rental equipment, general conditions, subcontractors, piping and plumbing takeoffs, sheet metal, labor rate tables with crew mix capabilities, , and a bid summary. Each sheet in the estimating spreadsheet automatically calculates the values you enter, showing you a new total bid amount.

Will cover portions of the MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet starting at the back of the Excel spreadsheet and working our way toward the front summary page last.

Labor Rate & Crew Mix Table

Choose your crew mix based on the level of experience and the different pay scales based on each project. Pick any combination and quantity of tradesman based on the requirements of the project.

Labor Rates and Crew Size within the MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet

There is a separate crew labor rate for HVAC Piping Shop & Field, Sheet Metal Shop & Field, and Plumbing.

HVAC & Plumbing Equipment

Enter the project equipment price and labor to rig the HVAC and Plumbing equipment into place. Compare supplier pricing easily side by side. The MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet automatically selects the lowest bidder but lets you override that decision.

HVAC Equipment page within the Estimating Spreadsheet

General Conditions

Do you need a jobsite trailer or onsite management? Enter the quantity and level of the staff required to run the project, whether one person or dozens. Set the quantity and duration of each general condition, along with the rate. General Conditions is broken down into three sections as follows: #1 – Management, #2 – Construction Office (Non-Reoccurring Expenses), and #3 – Construction Office (Reoccurring Expenses).

HVAC & Plumbing Subcontractors

HVAC & Plumbing contractors often subcontract out for Air & Water Balance, Sheet Metal & Piping Insulation, Water Treatment, Building Automation, Excavation and other specialty trades that they don’t self-perform. This spreadsheet was made especially for the HVAC & Plumbing contractor and their most often used subcontractors.

Subcontractors – Rentals – GC’s – Engineering Pages

Plumbing Fixtures

For those contractors that do plumbing the following Plumbing Fixture sheet will give you a place to record your vendors quotes and the labor it takes to install each type of fixture. What is also revealed is the overall cost per fixture.

Plumbing Fixtures page within the Estimating Spreadsheet

MEP Specialty Sheets

Each trade has a specialty sheet for those items that aren’t considered equipment or a fixture, but for which there is a cost impact. The MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet includes Sheet Metal, HVAC Piping & Plumbing Specialty sheets.

HVAC and Plumbing Specialty Pages within the Estimating Spreadsheet

Specialty Sheet In Estimating Spreadsheet — Specialty Sheets in Estimate Spreadsheet

Material & Labor Summary Sheets

You will find a Sheet Metal, HVAC Piping & Plumbing material & labor summary sheets where all of the other specialty sheets are summarized for your review and last minute edits. Each sheet will be divided between field & shop fabrication work. The first section covers the field installation items.

Sheet Metal Material and Labor Summary – Estimating Spreadsheet

Field Summary Section

This is where you will put your material takeoff information for the following:

Rectangular & Round Ductwork
HVAC Piping
Plumbing Piping

This is also where the other sheets that you filled out will be summarized, such as the following;

HVAC & Plumbing Specialties
HVAC & Plumbing Equipment Labor
Plumbing Fixtures

Material & Labor Summary Sheet in Estimating Spreadsheet — Material and Labor Summaries

Each of the field labor summary sheets contain a row to add for the following

Material Handling
Consumables
Punch List
Cleanup
Detailing
Supervision

Shop Fabrication Summary Section

For those of you that have a fabrication shop, there is a section to add material and labor.

Rentals

For those HVAC air conditioning and Plumbing projects that require a crane, fork lift, scissor lift or any other equipment that you don’t own but will be required on the project. Having a spreadsheet that maintains a list of the most common equipment you normally rent along with their rental rate will save you time and money while avoiding having to call for pricing on every job.

Engineering

If you do your own design then you should have a sheet of each of the personnel responsible for spending time on the engineering task. If you’re doing design/build work, but don’t do the engineering yourself, but hire a third party, then you should add some engineering review time. It’s your responsibility to manage your third-party engineer to make sure they design within your cost parameters.

Estimate Summary

All of your estimates are summarized on the last tab of the MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet for easy review. You can quickly scan each of the categories to see where all the project cost has shown up. There is the labor and material summary for HVAC Sheet Metal, HVAC Piping, and Plumbing and another section for Subcontractors, General Conditions, Rentals, etc.

Estimating Spreadsheet Summary Page

Estimating Summary — MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet Summary

Bid Risk Assessment Form

The MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet contains a bid risk assessment form that rates the success of winning any particular project that you are contemplating pursuing. The risk assessment form will help you determine if the project is worth bidding based on a set of questions that rate your answers.

The answers to these questions will give you a score from which you can use to see how the project rates on a scale of risk and reward. The total risk assessment score will also inform you which level of approval is required within your company depending on how you rate your risk values as the example shown below. The total score is 25, which according to this contractor would require the Vice President to sign-off on the project or approve the decision to pursue bidding on the project.

MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet Summary

The MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet is used to gather all the information for estimating a project, putting it into a format where you can make quick adjustments and decisions while the spreadsheet gives you an immediate update on the price.

Purchase this spreadsheet at its currently reduced price of ONLY $245.00, which usually sells for ~~$599.00~~

Watch the YouTube video below to see the MEP Academy Estimating Spreadsheet in action.

Best Whole House Air Purifiers: Top Picks & Buying Guide

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April 12, 2025

When it comes to improving indoor air quality, a whole house air purifier is one of the most effective investments you can make. Unlike portable air purifiers that only clean the air in a single room, whole house units are designed to work with your HVAC system to treat the air throughout your entire home. In this guide, we’ll compare some of the best whole house air purifiers on the market, break down the features that matter, and explain how to operate them for maximum effectiveness.

Be aware that the advertisements like to flaunt the square footage that the air pruifier can cover that isn’t based on the rated CFM, but on what the unit can do in an hour.

“As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.”

Top Whole House Air Purifiers (2025 Picks)

Here are some of the most recommended whole house purifiers based on performance, filter technology, ease of use, and value:

1. Levoit

Filter Type: 3 in 1 Filter with HEPA
Coverage: 635 sq. ft. (59 m2)
CADR: 410 CFM
Key Features: Combines electrostatic charge and HEPA filtration, efficient at removing allergens and viruses.
Best For: Allergies, dust, and smoke.
Price Range: $250 to $300. Check current Pricing for Levoit Air Purifiers

2. Winix 5510

Filter Type: Pre-Filter, HEPA and Carbon Filtration
Coverage: 392 Ft2 (36 m2)
CADR: Smoke 253, Pollen 247, Dust 252
Key Features: LED Air Quality Display, 5 fan Speeds, 99.99% True HEPA
Best For: Homes with pets or smoke concerns.
Price Range: $150 to $200. Checkout current pricing for Winix Air Purifiers

3. NuWave

Filter Type: True HEPA + Activated Carbon
Coverage: 586 sq. ft. (54 m2)
CADR:
Key Features: Excellent VOC and gas removal, top-tier particle filtration.
Best For: Homes near industrial areas or high-pollution zones.
Price Range: $500 to $600. Checkout the current pricing for a NuWave Air Purifier

What to Look For in a Whole House Air Purifier

✅ MERV Rating

The Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) tells you how well the filter captures particles. Look for a MERV 13 or higher for effective filtration of dust, pollen, mold spores, and even viruses.

✅ Filter Type

HEPA Filters: Capture 99.97% of particles 0.3 microns in size. Ideal for allergens.
Carbon Filters: Absorb odors and VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
UV Lights: Kill bacteria and viruses, especially useful in humid climates.
Electronic Filters (EACs): Reusable filters that charge and capture particles.

✅ Maintenance Requirements

Some units need filter replacements every 6–12 months, while others (like EACs) just need washing. Consider ease of maintenance and cost of replacement filters.

✅ Integration with HVAC System

Choose a unit designed to be installed directly into your HVAC system for seamless air treatment. Some are compatible with smart thermostats and home automation.

✅ Noise Levels

Whole house systems are generally quiet since they’re located within the HVAC system, but it’s still worth checking decibel ratings or user reviews.

How to Use a Whole House Air Purifier for Best Results

Run Your HVAC Fan Continuously
Most purifiers only work when air is moving through the system. Set your fan to “On” instead of “Auto” to keep filtering air even when heating or cooling isn’t active.
Seal Air Leaks
Air purifiers work best in a well-sealed home. Seal leaks around windows, doors, and ductwork to prevent unfiltered outdoor air from entering.
Keep Filters Clean and Replaced
Dirty filters reduce effectiveness and can strain your HVAC system. Set calendar reminders or use filter monitoring apps (some units include these features).
Supplement in Problem Areas
For extra protection in bedrooms or areas with poor circulation, consider using a portable HEPA purifier in addition to your whole house system.

Additional Considerations for Buyers

🔄 Initial vs. Long-Term Costs

Upfront Costs: $500 to $3,000 depending on brand, type, and installation.
Maintenance: Budget for filters ($40–$200/year) or electricity if using UV or EAC.

🌿 Allergy or Asthma Concerns

If someone in the home has respiratory issues, prioritize a HEPA filter combined with carbon and UV technologies.

🛠️ Professional Installation

Whole house purifiers usually require ductwork modifications or integration with your HVAC. Unless you’re experienced, professional installation is recommended.

🌎 Energy Efficiency

Choose ENERGY STAR certified units when available. Efficient models reduce your utility bills and are better for the environment.

Final Thoughts

A whole house air purifier is a powerful ally in maintaining a clean, healthy indoor environment. Whether you’re concerned about allergies, wildfire smoke, or simply want to reduce dust and odors, choosing the right unit depends on your home size, HVAC compatibility, and specific air quality concerns.

Checkout the current Air Purifier Prices

Top Tip: Before buying, schedule a home air quality test or consult an HVAC pro to get personalized recommendations.

Can AI Run a Building Better Than a Human?

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April 8, 2025

Ai vs Humans in Building Automation Systems

AI vs Human in Building Automation. Building Automation Systems have revolutionized facility management, enabling precise control over HVAC, lighting, and security systems. But as AI-powered automation continues to advance, a pressing question emerges: Can AI run a BAS more effectively than a human?

This debate isn’t just theoretical—AI is already reshaping how buildings operate. But does it outperform human intuition and experience? Let’s dive into the strengths, limitations, and future potential of AI-driven building automation.

Table of Contents

How AI is Changing Building Automation

AI-driven BAS utilizes machine learning and real-time data analytics to optimize building performance. Unlike traditional rule-based automation, AI adapts dynamically, analyzing patterns in occupancy, weather, and energy demand to make split-second decisions.

AI and Technicians Collaborating for Efficient Building Automation Systems

Some advantages AI brings to BAS:

Predictive maintenance – AI can analyze sensor data to detect early signs of equipment failure, preventing costly breakdowns.
Optimized energy efficiency – Machine learning algorithms continuously refine HVAC schedules, reducing energy waste without human intervention.
Faster response time – AI processes vast amounts of data instantly, adjusting conditions before human operators even notice an issue.
24/7 Operation – Unlike human technicians, AI doesn’t take breaks or make errors due to fatigue.

However, does this mean AI is superior to human expertise?

Why Humans Still Matter in BAS

Despite AI’s impressive capabilities, it has limitations that highlight the importance of human oversight:

Contextual understanding – AI relies on data, but it lacks real-world intuition. A technician understands nuances like why a specific override is necessary during a special event.
Adaptability in unforeseen situations – AI struggles with unexpected system failures or complex decision-making beyond pre-trained scenarios.
AI Errors and misinterpretations – Algorithms sometimes make incorrect assumptions, such as overcompensating HVAC output due to faulty sensor readings.
Cybersecurity risks – AI-controlled BAS can be vulnerable to hacking, requiring human oversight to ensure security protocols are enforced.

This raises an important point: AI excels at automation, but it still needs human expertise for oversight, troubleshooting, and strategic decision-making.

The Future: AI and Humans Working Together

The real question isn’t whether AI can replace humans, but rather how the two can work together for optimal building performance. The best approach lies in hybrid BAS models, where AI handles routine automation while skilled technicians oversee, troubleshoot, and fine-tune operations.

In the near future, we may see:

AI learning from human inputs to improve decision-making.
Technicians receiving AI-generated recommendations for faster problem resolution.
AI-powered BAS with human-in-the-loop controls for safety and security.

Conclusion – AI vs Human in Building Automation

So, can AI run a BAS better than a human? Not quite yet—but it can certainly enhance human efficiency. What do you think? Will AI ever fully replace human technicians, or will there always be a need for expert oversight?

https://youtu.be/GfdvCZUQsvo

Can Air Pollution Cause Depression?

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April 5, 2025

Table of Contents

Can Air Pollution Cause Depression?

Yes, recent scientific studies show that long-term exposure to air pollution—especially fine particulate matter and sulfur dioxide—can significantly increase the risk of depression. Poor air quality affects brain chemistry, mood regulation, and stress levels, making clean air essential for mental wellness.

We all know that dirty air can hurt your lungs — but what about your mind?
A groundbreaking 2024 study has linked air pollution to a sharp rise in depression risk, especially in areas with elevated levels of sulfur dioxide and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). That means what you breathe every day may be influencing more than just your physical health — it could be weighing heavily on your mood, motivation, and emotional balance.

In this post, we’ll break down the science, explore what this means for your mental health, and show you how tools like air purifiers and AQI tracking can help you reclaim control of your indoor air — and your peace of mind

Recent research has uncovered a powerful link between air pollution and mental health, particularly depression. A 2024 study published in The Innovation (ScienceDirect) revealed that for every increase in combined exposure to air pollutants, the risk of depression jumped by a striking 38%. Among all the pollutants studied, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emerged as the top contributor to depressive symptoms.
👉 Read the study here

These findings reinforce earlier evidence that poor air quality not only harms our lungs but also affects our brain and emotional health. Pollutants like PM₂.₅ (fine particulate matter) have been associated with cognitive decline and a higher risk of neurological diseases like dementia.

Why Air Purifiers Matter

Indoor air isn’t immune to pollution — in fact, it can be just as bad or worse than outdoor air, especially when ventilation is poor or pollutants seep indoors. That’s where air purifiers become essential:

Remove Fine Particles: HEPA-filter air purifiers trap PM₂.₅ and other airborne particles, reducing overall exposure.
Eliminate Harmful Gases: Advanced purifiers with activated carbon filters can capture gaseous pollutants like SO₂, one of the key depression-linked toxins.
Support Mental Clarity and Health: Cleaner air can promote better cognitive performance, mood stability, and general well-being.

Don’t Forget to Monitor AQI (Air Quality Index)

While purifying indoor air is a great step, it’s equally important to stay informed about outdoor air conditions. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a simple, real-time tool that tells you how clean or polluted the air is — and what associated health effects might be a concern.

Here’s why tracking AQI matters:

Avoid Exposure on High AQI Days: When the AQI is above 100 (especially in sensitive groups) or over 150 (unhealthy for all), it’s wise to reduce or avoid outdoor physical activity, especially activities like running or heavy labor.
Plan Accordingly: Apps and websites can give you AQI forecasts so you can plan walks, workouts, or commutes during cleaner air windows.
Protect Vulnerable Individuals: Children, elderly adults, and people with asthma, allergies, or depression should be extra cautious on days when air quality dips.

Take Action for Better Air and Better Mental Health

Air pollution doesn’t just affect your lungs — it weighs on your mood, clarity, and overall mental health. Investing in a quality air purifier for your home or workspace, and regularly checking your local AQI, are two powerful ways to protect both your body and mind.

Checkout the latest Air Purifier Prices.

If you’ve been feeling fatigued, down, or anxious, the air you’re breathing could be part of the problem. Small changes in your environment can lead to major improvements in how you feel day to day.

Indoor Air Quality Habits Checklist

✔ Use a certified HEPA air purifier in main living areas and bedrooms.
✔ Keep windows closed on high AQI days (AQI > 100).
✔ Monitor daily AQI using a reliable app or website (e.g., AirNow.gov).
✔ Avoid burning candles, incense, or smoking indoors.
✔ Vacuum with a HEPA-filter vacuum at least once a week.
✔ Regularly change HVAC and air purifier filters (monthly or as recommended).
✔ Use exhaust fans in kitchen and bathroom to reduce humidity and pollutants.
✔ Keep houseplants to a minimum if mold is a concern.
✔ Avoid using harsh chemical cleaners; opt for natural alternatives.
✔ Schedule routine HVAC maintenance to ensure optimal airflow and filtration.

Want a printable version? Download the checklist as a Word doc

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